In 1863 the name was again changed, this time to United States of Colombia, before finally adopting its present name – the Republic of Colombia – in 1886. New Granada officially changed its name in 1858 to the Granadine Confederation.
When Venezuela, Ecuador, and Cundinamarca came to exist as independent states, the former Department of Cundinamarca adopted the name " Republic of New Granada". The name was later adopted by the Republic of Colombia of 1819, formed from the territories of the old Viceroyalty of New Granada (modern-day Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and northwest Brazil). It was conceived as a reference to all of the New World. The name "Colombia" is derived from the last name of the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus ( Latin: Christophorus Columbus, Italian: Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish: Cristóbal Colón). Its diversified economy is the third-largest in South America, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term growth prospects. Colombia is a key member of major global and regional organizations including the UN, the WTO, the OECD, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance and the Andean Community it is also a NATO Global Partner. It is the only country in South America with coastlines (and islands) along both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Its territory encompasses Amazon rainforest, highlands, grasslands and deserts. Ĭolombia is one of the world's seventeen megadiverse countries it has the highest level of biodiversity per square mile in the world and the second-highest level overall. Also in 2023, two Colombian hospitals were among the Top 75 of the world. Colombia is recognized for its health system, being the best healthcare in Latin America according to The World Health Organization and 22nd on the planet, In 2022, 26 Colombian hospitals were among the 61 best in Latin America (42% total). Since 2005, there has been significant improvement in security, stability and rule of law, as well as unprecedented economic growth and development. Beginning in the 1960s, the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, both of which escalated in the 1990s.
With the backing of the United States and France, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, resulting in Colombia's present borders. The new polity experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858) and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before becoming a republic-the current Republic of Colombia-in 1886.
Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now Colombia emerging as the United Provinces of New Granada. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century they had colonized much of present-day Colombia, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Spanish is the official language, although English and 64 other languages are recognized regionally.Ĭolombia has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. Its cultural heritage -including language, religion, cuisine, and art-reflects its history as a colony, fusing cultural elements brought by mass immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by the African diaspora, as well as with those of the various Indigenous civilizations that predate colonization. Colombia is the largest Spanish-speaking country in South America. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of around 52 million. The Capital District of Bogotá is also the country's largest city hosting the main financial and cultural hub, and other major urbes include Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio and Bucaramanga. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Ĭolombia ( / k ə ˈ l ʌ m b i ə/ ( listen), /- ˈ l ɒ m-/ Spanish: ( listen)), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country mostly in South America with insular regions in North America. ^ The official Colombian time is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.English is also official in the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. ^ Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish ( Castellano) as the official language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its own territory.
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